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Penrith is a market town and civil parish in the county of Cumbria, England. Penrith lies less than outside the boundaries of the Lake District National Park. Historically a part of Cumberland, Penrith's local authority is currently Eden District Council, which is based in the town. Penrith was formerly the seat of both Penrith Urban and Rural District Councils. From 1974 to 2015, Penrith had no town council of its own, and was an unparished area. The first elections to the Penrith Civil parish took place on May 7, 2015. Penrith is located in the Eden Valley, just north of the River Eamont. Other local rivers bounding the town are the River Lowther and the River Petteril. Thacka Beck, a partially man-made watercourse, flows through the centre of the town, remaining mostly underground, and connects the River Petteril and the River Eamont. For many centuries, the Beck provided Penrith's main water supply. Thacka Beck Nature Reserve provides flood storage which protects homes and businesses in Penrith.〔It is part of ALFA (Adaptive Land Use for Flood Alleviation). (Eden ), ALFA〕〔(Thacka Beck ), Cumbria Wildlife Trust〕 Another stream, known as The Myers or Dog Beck, flows through and under the southwestern area of the town, joining Thacka Beck near Tynefield Court. The Dog Beck section has also been referred to as Scumscaw Beck or Tyne Syke. In 2014 the pub chain Wetherspoons opened a branch in Penrith, naming it after the Dog Beck. ==Toponymy== It is generally accepted that the name Penrith is of Cumbric origin, though the exact etymology of the name has been debated. Several toponymists, favour a derivation from the local equivalents to the Welsh or Cumbric ''pen'' 'head, chief, end' (both noun and adjective) + Cumbric 'rid', Welsh ''rhyd'' 'ford'. On this basis, the name would therefore mean 'chief ford', 'hill ford', 'ford end' or Whaley's suggestion: 'the head of the ford' or 'headland by the ford'. (Another Welsh word, ''()]'', means "free".) Objections to this theory have been raised on the grounds that the present town of Penrith lies around 1 mile from the nearest crossing point on the River Eamont at Eamont Bridge. An alternative has been suggested consisting of the same ''pen'' element meaning 'hill' + the equivalent of Welsh ''rhudd'' 'red'. The name 'red hill' may refer to the large Beacon Hill to the north east of the current town. There is also a place called 'Redhills' to the south west near the M6 motorway. ==History== Old Penrith north of town was the Roman fort of Voreda.〔Roman Britain. ("Voreda". )〕 Excavation of a section of the Roman road from Manchester to Carlisle〔Cumbria SMR no. 11055: Site of Roman road.〕 in advance of an extension to Penrith Cemetery showed that the road survived better at the edges of the field. The cobble and gravel surfaces appeared to have been entirely ploughed out at the centre. The road was constructed by excavating a wide, shallow trench below the level of subsoil〔Collingwood, R G & Richmond, I 1969 ''The Archaeology of Roman Britain'' London, Methuen &Co Ltd〕 Large cobbles were probably obtained from nearby, as they did not appear frequently within the subsoil in the excavated area. The cobbles were added to the excavated subsoil and this was dumped back into the cut to form a stable foundation, which was raised in the centre of the road to form a camber. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Penrith, Cumbria」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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